Bosch揭露了用于自动驾驶的LIDAR传感器

博世已成为第一家开发可准备生产的远程激光雷达传感器以供汽车使用的公司。激光雷达系统已在Consumer Electronics Show（CES）本周在美国拉斯维加斯举行。它补充了公司现有的雷达和摄像头系统，以提供使自动驾驶驾驶现实所需的额外安全性。

According to Bosch, the laser-based distance measurement technology known as Lidar is indispensable for driving functions at SAE Levels 3 to 5. The new Bosch sensor covers both long and close ranges, making it suitable for use both on motorways and in city centres. By exploiting economies of scale, Bosch wants to reduce the price for the sophisticated technology and render it suitable for the mass market. “By filling the sensor gap, Bosch is making automated driving a viable possibility in the first place,” saysHarald Kröger, member of the Bosch management board.

Three sensor principles in parallel

博世在进行了自己的广泛分析并得出结论，即三个传感器原理的平行部署对于确保自动驾驶将提供最大的安全性至关重要。Bosch的开发人员调查了所有自动驾驶功能的用例 - 从高速公路辅助到城市的全自动驾驶。例如，如果摩托车在交界处高速接近自动车辆，则除了相机和雷达外，还需要激光雷达，以确保两轮车的可靠感应。在这种情况下，雷达可能难以检测自行车的狭窄轮廓和塑料整流罩。此外，摄像机始终会被掉落在上面的刺耳的光芒所迷惑。结果，博世认为需要组合雷达，摄像头和激光雷达，以便在每种驾驶情况下提供可靠的信息。

LIDARis an essential element in automated driving

在激光雷达系统中，传感器发出激光脉冲并捕获散落后的激光灯。然后，系统根据光反射所需的测量时间来计算距离。激光雷达（LiDar）提供了很高的分辨率，并具有远距离的视野。结果，基于激光的距离测量工具甚至可以在很远的距离（例如道路上的岩石）上可靠地检测到非金属物体。这意味着有足够的时间来启动驾驶操作，例如制动或转弯。同时，在车辆中使用LIDAR暴露了LiDAR系统的组件，例如检测器和激光器，承受着许多压力 - 最重要的是，在车辆整个生命周期内的耐温性和可靠性方面。由于其传感器专业知识和系统专业知识在雷达和摄像头技术领域，博世已经能够开发激光雷达，使所有三种传感器技术都相互吻合。“我们希望使自动驾驶安全，方便且有趣。这样，我们将对未来的流动性做出决定性的贡献。”

人工智能正在使援助系统更加安全

Bosch has been developing and manufacturing millions of ultrasound, radar and camera sensors in-house for many years now. The company is pushing forward innovation in sensor technology for driver assistance systems and automated driving, and paving the way for autonomous driving. Recently, Bosch engineers succeeded in taking the camera technology used in cars to a new level by enhancing it with artificial intelligence. After the camera has detected objects, they are categorized into classes such as vehicles, pedestrians or bicycles, and their movement is measured. In congested urban traffic, the camera can also recognize and classify partially obscured or crossing vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists quickly and reliably. This allows the vehicle to trigger a warning or an emergency braking manoeuvre as required. Bosch engineers are also continuously refining radar technology. The latest generation of Bosch radar sensors is even better at capturing the vehicle’s surroundings – including in bad weather or poor light conditions. Their greater detection range, wide aperture and high angular separability are the basis for this improved performance.

Additional safety comes from Bosch’s new interior monitoring system for vehicles. It detects when the driver is drowsy or looks at a smartphone based on eyelid movements, direction of gaze, and head position – and alerts the driver to critical situations. It also monitors the vehicle interior to determine how many occupants are present and where and in what position they are sitting. This makes it possible to optimize the operation of safety systems such as the airbags in an emergency. In the future, when vehicles are in partially automated driving mode for sections of the journey such as on the motorway, the driver monitoring system will become an indispensable partner. In these situations, the camera will ensure that the driver can safely take the wheel again at any time.

到2022年，该公司将在自动驾驶上花费约40亿欧元，并将雇用5,000多名工程师。