Using Lidar North of the Arctic Circle
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Using Lidar North of the Arctic Circle

格陵兰岛挑战的空中收购任务

独特的北极场所使格陵兰的这项空中收购任务更具挑战性。精确的Geodata对于支持世界最大岛屿的社区活动和未来发展的几乎所有方面都至关重要。

在世界上最大的岛屿和多样性的地方,获得精确的Geodata的收购是格陵兰岛的重中之重。在那里,Geodata对于支持社区活动的几乎所有方面以及丹麦王国内自治领域的未来发展至关重要。本文提供了对空中收购任务的见解,这使格陵兰岛独特的北极场所更具挑战性。

2019年夏天,Asiaq Greenland调查委托尼拉斯(Niras)委托尼拉斯(Niras)收购格陵兰五个最大城市的激光雷达数据和摄影图像:努克,西西米特,伊洛利萨特,Qaqortoq和Aasiaat。这五个 - 伊洛利萨特(Ilulissat)的最北端位于北极圈以北350公里处。丹麦公司叫Airborne LiDAR Mapping A/Swas assigned the task of data acquisition.

任务要求

为了使任务取得成功,需要满足某些要求。其中包括在一天之内完成一座城市的数据采集,最大允许的积雪为20%。此外,在所有收集操作,飞机和地面之间的大气和气象条件下,太阳的角度必须至少与地平线至少30度为了产生高密度点云,每平方米6点必须优于3厘米,而地面样品距离(GSD)必须为5厘米。

格陵兰岛的伊利萨特冰峡湾位于北极圈以北250公里的格陵兰西海岸,是少数几种冰川与海洋连接的冰川的冰川之一的海口。

Preparation

The actual areas to be scanned were relatively small: 80km2在Nuuk,21公里2at Sisimiut, 10km2at Aasiaat, 24km2在Ilulissat和11公里2在Qaqortoq,总计146公里2总共。然而,任务要求与北极气候,偏僻的位置和格陵兰的巨大规模相结合,需要仔细计划 - 就数据采集方法和运输使用的飞机运输的物流而言。为了获取数据,选择的设备是Riegl 480i机载扫描仪,Applanix 510 IMU和两个Hasselblad a6 100c相机。

The stability of the airborne platform was also important, which ultimately resulted in the塞斯纳C337 Skymaster被选中。CESSNA 337是一架采用推杆配置的多引擎飞机,可提供与传统多引擎飞机不同的处理。飞机本质上是稳定的,并且中心线推力配置意味着如果发动机失败,它不会遇到偏航。根据当前在格陵兰驾驶飞机操作的法规,有必要获取和携带大量与安全有关的物品,包括耀斑,红色信号墨盒,旗帜/床单,镜子,镜子,紧急定位器发射器,指南针,刀,刀,匹配,绳子和烹饪炉,防水睡袋和船上的屋顶小艇。选择该任务的C337还采用了去冰/防冰设备和远程燃油箱,这进一步提高了安全性。

Having surveyed Aasiaat without complications, the team had completed the data acquisition part of the mission.

动员和任务的开始

On 23 July 2019, the Cessna 337 departed for Greenland from the Swedish airport of Sturup, making rest and fuel stops at Sumburgh in the Shetland Islands and Reykjavik in Iceland. The team arrived in Greenland on 24 July, landing at Kulusuk International Airport on the east coast. Kulusuk Airport, which shares its name with the nearby hamlet of Kulusuk with roughly 300 inhabitants, was built by the USA in 1956 as part of the Distant Early Warning Line.

从库鲁苏克(Kulusuk),团队前往第一个扫描的城市:Qaqortoq。但是,由于Qaqortoq(像格陵兰岛的许多城市一​​样)只有Helipad而不是跑道,因此Narsuaq的机场(约30海里,距离海里约30英里)是任务第一阶段的合适基地。在没有并发症的情况下进行扫描后,该团队于7月25日向北前往Nuuk。不幸的是,到那时,天气发生了变化,低云,散落的雨水和孤立的雾,使空气传播的激光雷达数据获取不可能。因此,任务被搁置了,团队被迫等到一周后的条件再次变得更加有利。该任务最终可以在8月2日恢复,并在扫描大约需要三个小时完成的扫描中获得了努克市(任务最大的地区之一)的数据。努克(Nuuk)之后,下一次扫描是在西西米特(Sisimiut)进行的,然后团队飞往伊洛利萨特(Ilulissat) -Ilulissat Icefjord,该公司于2004年被添加到联合国教科文组织世界遗产名单中。

The Cessna 337 was equipped with a RIEGL 480i airborne scanner, an Applanix 510 IMU and two Hasselblad a6 100c cameras.

More Delays

Upon arrival in Ilulissat, progress was yet again delayed by cloudy, wet and foggy weather conditions, and the survey of the city could not be flown until 5 August. Then, entering the final stage of the mission, the team relocated from Ilulissat to the final city of the survey: Aasiaat. Despite an initially unfavourable forecast, the weather suddenly cleared in the afternoon of 9 August. The team swiftly mobilized and the C337 successfully became airborne with everyone and everything on board just before the local airport closed at 15:00. Having surveyed Aasiaat without any further complications, the team had completed the data acquisition part of the mission, resulting in 3TB of raw data in total.

由于Aasiaat的机场关闭,该小组向南飞往Kangerlussuaq机场过夜,然后回到丹麦。8月10日,在格陵兰岛度过了三个星期的大部分时间,是时候从坎格鲁苏(Kangerlussuaq)出发,并大约1,400公里前往冰岛的雷克雅未克(Reykjavik)。

数据处理

使用该数据处理全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)和惯性测量单元(IMU)数据Applanix MMSsoftware. For this, the base data was derived through local and existing base stations. The trajectory of the Lidar data was merged inRiprocess和RipRecision,用于校准数据。首先在Photoshop中处理捕获的原始图像,以确保强度,照明和颜色均匀。图片三角剖分随后进行了Agisoft Metashapeandtrimble匹配处,而在USMART套件中,进一步的处理继续进行。摄影数据用于ASIAQ基本图的正赶生产和摄影测量更新,而LiDAR数据用于创建新的数字表面模型(DSM)并更新现有的数字表面模型。

The acquisition of precise geodata is a high priority in Greenland and considered vital to support almost all aspects of community activities.

Conclusion

信息迅速成为21种最重要的商品之一英石century, and ongoing technological advancement is bringing new ways of handling and sharing geographic information. Gathering Lidar data and photographic imagery in Greenland was a challenging, exciting and important mission. For the island of Greenland to continue to evolve at the same pace as the increasingly digitalized modern world, well-defined and accurate geodata is crucial. In this carefully planned project, the right equipment and specialists were instrumental in producing the data that will help to support effective decision-making about Greenland’s future development.

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