建筑工地，尤其是拆除地点通常是测量师的具有挑战性的环境。然而，有效的项目管理和财务控制取决于有关已放置，重新定位和删除的材料量的准确和及时信息。获取此信息的常规调查是缓慢的，劳动力密集的，暴露于危险中，并可能破坏现场操作。使用无人机（无人机或“无人机”）的摄影测量法和3DSurvey软件套件offers an efficient, cheaper and safer alternative.
Around a decade ago, three surveyors in Slovenia were building UAVs and developing3D软件用于自己的项目。在2015年，他们建立了3DSurvey，以提供其综合软件套件，以绘制和图像处理给其他测量师。正如首席执行官兼测量师TomažIzak所说：“我只是想花更多的时间与妻子和孩子们在一起。现在，我的软件正在帮助全世界的测量师。他们喜欢3DSURVEY，因为这对他们来说是由鞋子，野外，泥土和污垢的人来说，并且确切地知道现代数字测量师的需求。我们的软件也非常实惠。”
Case study: a demolition site
这demolition of a large power station in Germany required effective work progress monitoring, identification of the materials on site, and determination of volumes. The site covered approximately 40 hectares and the buildings had a combined volume of approximately one million cubic metres. Conventional surveying methods would have been extremely time-consuming, exposed the surveyors to a hazardous environment and would not have provided sufficiently detailed data.
这surveying team decided to undertake regular photogrammetric surveys using a UAV (DJI P4RTK), a GNSS receiver (Emlid Reach RS2) and the3Dsurvey software。对更广泛区域的初步调查（大约2,000张图像），然后进行拆除区域的每月调查（约1,000张图像），以确定进度。对于每个调查，使用GNSS接收器确定了几个地面控制点（GCP）的位置。使用带有RTK的无人机可显着减少所需的GCP数量。对于要求降低准确性的应用程序，甚至可以在没有任何GCP的情况下进行调查。测量师可以使用任何方便的GCP或专用的3DSURVEY GCP目标，这些目标是由软件自动识别的，以节省更多时间。
使用3 dsurvey飞行员,飞行准备free app for planning flights with DJI AUVs. If another make of UAV had been used, the flight could have been planned using its own flight planning software.
Image processing
该项目仅使用无人机照片，但是对于其他应用，这些项目可以与地面摄像头，激光雷达和声纳的图像结合使用。飞行后，将照片进口到3Dsurvey softwareand linked to the GCPs using the Orientate function. Next, the software generated the point cloud, full 3D mesh, digital surface model (DSM) and true orthophoto. The resolution of the images was high enough for effective identification of the materials to be removed from site.
Measurement and analysis
Once the mesh had been created, features such as buildings and heaps of material could be defined and named, and their volume or area calculated. This made it particularly easy to report on the progress of the demolition and waste volumes.3Dsurveycould also have generated contour maps and site profiles at user-specified intervals. The software has basic CAD functions to draw areas and volumes, which can be exported in DXF and other formats. Undertaking both photogrammetric processing and analysis and measurement within the same software package saved time and costs and reduced errors.
Data presentation and export
该信息以多种格式呈现给客户：网站周围有模拟飞行的视频文件，2D站点计划，3D模型和数值信息以跟踪进度。3DSurvey软件包以各种文件类型的形式导出数据，例如PDF，DXF，JPEG和TIFF，kmz for Google Earth，各种映射和GIS格式以及TXT。客户端可以使用免费的3DSURVEVEY查看器打开原始项目文件，从而使他们可以从各种视图中进行选择。
X射线功能通过屋顶看
3Dsurveyhas a unique feature: the X-ray function. This uses data from a number of photographs taken at different angles to mark wall positions on an orthophotograph, irrespective of the roof overhang. In this way, the volume of the buildings can be determined accurately and drawn with the built-in CAD function. This avoids the need to survey the positions of building corners using conventional methods. The X-ray function can save a lot of time and effort, especially in complex and challenging settings such as this demolition site.
Other applications
历史建筑和城市中心出于保护和计划原因进行了记录。滑坡和其他活跃的地质特征需要定期监控，准确性，而不会使测量师面临危险。道路交通事故的现场必须详细记录，然后才能再次开放道路。当使用常规方法时，这通常会导致流量延迟，并且由于时间压力而可能会忽略重要的细节。在所有这些情况下，软件，例如3Dsurveycan use input from a range of sources – such as UAV and conventional photographs, laser scans, etc. – to produce digital surface and terrain models, true orthophotographs and basic CAD drawings. These deliverables support a range of applications and can be processed with standard GIS and CAD software. Such photogrammetric surveys take much less time in the field than conventional surveys and offer the surveyor great flexibility back at the office. If the client requests additional data, beyond the original brief, then the surveyor can respond quickly, often without a further visit to the site.
这software has also been used to create 3D models of building interiors and process plants, based on photographs taken with a handheld camera. This makes it possible to acquire the data quickly and at low cost, with a minimum impact on site operations. The models can be marked up with the position of piping and other services to support maintenance planning over the lifetime of the structure.
Open-cast mines, quarries and bulk ore terminals present dangerous environments where there is a need to measure large volumes of material safely and efficiently, without a surveyor walking around the site. This makes them a perfect application for UAV photogrammetry. When surveying a quarry where materials are excavated from a flooded area, 3Dsurvey can combine bathymetric sonar data with UAV photographs. This results in a unified 3D model of the site, showing both above-ground and underwater features.
Licensing and support
这3Dsurvey software价格相对较低，可根据永久许可，每月订阅以及通过Geocloud访问，以满足普通用户和偶尔用户的需求，并调查任何规模的业务。新用户还可以在线或通过电话获得一对一的支持，以帮助他们优化项目。
该软件得到了广泛的教程视频和数据集的支持，并且在开发人员的网站上以及最近创建的用户论坛上的数十个案例研究。188BET金宝搏下载由于该软件包是由测量师设计的，因此3DSurvey工作流对大多数用户来说很自然。
Conclusion
在拆除网站上，无人机，GNSS接收器和3Dsurvey softwaremade it possible to complete the initial map, drawings and photographs of the site quickly and safely. This was followed by regular UAV flights to report on the progress of the project. The software provided a range of accurate and valuable project management information at relatively little effort and cost.
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